Thyroid disorders

OVERVIEW:  

Thyroid diseases are more common than you might think, affecting large number of people worldwide. HYPERTHROIDISM AND HYPOTHYROIDISM are two of the most prevalent thyroid disorders.  In this article, we will delve into the details of these conditions as they have significant effect on the individual's health and well-being, demonstrating causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. 

What does thyroid do to a person? 

The thyroid gland function as the metabolic organ that produces the thyroid hormone that is made up collectively of two forms triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine(T4) for normal growth and metabolism, regulating the rate at which the body uses energy in form of calories, influencing the speed of food digestion, in addition, it is important to control the body temperature.  

Thyroid hormone overproduction can lead to an acceleration of the body's metabolism, causing hyperthyroidism symptoms. 

symptoms of hyperthyroidism 

How do you feel when you have thyroid problems? 

In case of hypothyroidism?

You feel of symptoms of having fatigue, weight gain, depression, cold intolerance (a sense of freezing), dry skin and hair constipation, muscle aches and weakness, and memory problems, puffy face and hoarseness.  

In case of Hyperthyroidism 

You feel of symptoms such as rapid heart rate, weight loss, anxiety, irritability, Tremor, heat intolerance, increased bowel movements, irregular menstrual periods, and goiter.

The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves' disease. Other causes include thyroid nodules and inflammation of the thyroid gland. 

Important definitions 

• Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces an excessive levels of thyroid hormones.  
• Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces an amount less than normal of thyroid hormones. 
• Rapid heartbeat defined as tachycardia. 
• Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones. 
  
  
  
• Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, causing inflammation and decreased hormone production. 

 Diagnosis and Treatment: 

Diagnosing hyperthyroidism typically involves blood tests to measure levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). In some cases, imaging tests such as ultrasound or a radioactive iodine uptake test may be performed to assess the function and structure of the thyroid gland. 

Treatment: 

With early detection and proper medical care, individuals with thyroid disorders can effectively manage their symptoms and lead healthy, fulfilling lives. 

Treatment options of thyroid disorders: 

Non pharmacological treatment: 

This may include dietary lifestyle modification by avoidance of frequent consumption of junk food, smoking cessation and daily exercise. 

Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment 

 The pharmacological therapy may include medications to reduce the production of thyroid hormones, radioactive iodine therapy to shrink the thyroid gland, or surgery to remove part or all of the gland. Each treatment approach has its benefits and risks, and the choice of treatment depends on the underlying cause of hyperthyroidism and the individual's health status 

In contrast to hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, leading to a slowdown of the body's metabolism. This can result in symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, depression, and sensitivity to cold. The most common cause of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, causing inflammation and decreased hormone production. 

   Diagnosis and Treatment: 

Diagnosing hypothyroidism involves blood tests to measure TSH and thyroid hormone levels. In some cases, additional tests such as thyroid ultrasound or a thyroid scan may be performed to assess the size and condition of the thyroid gland. 

The primary treatment for hypothyroidism is synthetic thyroid hormone replacement therapy. This involves taking a daily medication (levothyroxine) to supplement the body's natural production of thyroid hormones. The dosage is carefully adjusted based on the individual's thyroid function tests and symptoms. 

Conclusion: 

Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are both significant health concerns that require proper diagnosis and management. If you suspect that you may experience symptoms of either condition, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional for evaluation and appropriate treatment.  Remember, knowledge is power, and understanding these conditions is the first step towards taking control of your thyroid health. 

 How do thyroid problems start?

The thyroid gland is mainly affected by iodine deficiency and autoimmune disorders.

Are dairy products good for thyroid health?

Because they are rich in iodine, the essential element for proper functioning thyroid, so it is important and good for healthy functioning thyroid.